Krashen's Theories and the Natural Approach

1. Five Hypotheses

• The Acquisition-Learning Hypothesis

Acquisition	Learning
Similar to children	Formal knowledge
"picking up"	"knowing about"
subconscious	conscious
implicit knowledge	explicit knowledge
formal teaching not helpful	formal teaching helpful

• The Natural Order Hypothesis

Production not initially required

• The Monitor Hypothesis

The performer must:
Have enough time
Be thinking about correctness, focused on form
Know the rule

• The Input Hypothesis

i + 1
Finely tuned input
Roughly tuned input

• The Affective Filter Hypothesis

Lowering the affective filter helps input have a greater impact.

2. Factors which influence L2 Acquisition

• The Role of Aptitude

• The First Language

Interference and interlanguage
Avoiding L1 Transfer

• Routines and Patterns

• Individual Variation

Monitor use: overuse, underuse, optimal

• Age Differences